Micrometer Screw gauge

Micrometer Screw gauge

It is the instrument used for precise measurement of quantities such as length, diameter and thickness. It consist of two scales a main scale & circular scale.

Pitch: - It is the distance between two consecutive threads of a screw
or It is the distance moved in one rotation by screw.
Zero error - When the screw of the micrometer completely touches the fixed stud; the zero of the circular scale does not coincide with the reference line then instrument have zero error. It is of two types – (i) positive error      (ii) negative error

Correction of error 
Steps 
           1. Count the number of division beyond the reference line.
           2. multiply step 1 with L.C
         3. For positive error subtract the data of step 2 with total reading & for negative error add the data of step 2 with total reading.
E.g. 
           for fig (b) 
           number of division beyond the reference line = 2
           2 x L.C = 2 x 0.01 mm = 0.02 mm
           Let total reading is 10 mm
           then correct reading = 10 - 0.02 = 9.98 mm
similarly for fig (c) 
           number of division beyond the reference line = 4
           4 x L.C = 4 x 0.01 mm = 0.04 mm
           Let total reading is 10 mm
           then correct reading = 10 + 0.04 = 10.04 mm

Taking a measurement
  1. First find whether there is an error on the micrometer. 
  2. Then find its least count using the pitch.
  3. Adjust the object between stud & screw by moving the circular scale; rotate the ratchet for confirmation if it produce sound.
  4. Find the main scale reading. If main scale shows an additional reading; we have to add that as well.
  5. Then find the value of the circular scale that coincides with the main scale.
  6. Multiply the circular scale reading with the L.C.
  7. Finally add the step 6 to the main scale reading.
                                         Total reading = M.S.R + (C.S.D x L.C)

                                         Correct reading = total reading + Error

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